Bangala language
Bangala is a Bantu language spoken in the northeast part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in South Sudan, and the extreme western part of Uganda. A divergent form of Lingala, it's used as a lingua franca by people with different languages and rarely as a first language. The estimated number of speakers varies between 2 and 3.5 million. It is spoken to the east and northeast of the area where Lingala is spoken.
History
As Lingala spread west and south, its vocabulary was replaced more and more by tribal and regional languages, and it became more of an interlanguage (a language that is a mix of two or more languages) and was classified as a separate language - Bangala. The vocabulary varies, depending on the first language of the speakers.
Around the 1980s, with the popularity and increased availability of Lingala in modern music, young people in large villages and towns began adopting Lingala so much that their Bangala is becoming more of a dialect than a separate language.
Characteristics
In Bangala, the words for six and seven (
motoba, sambo) are replaced with the Swahili words
sita and
saba. Many Lingala words are replaced by words in Swahili, Zande, other local languages, plus English (
bilizi is derived from the English word bridge) and of course, French.
The verb "be" is conjugated differently in Bangala. Below is a comparison with Lingala.
English
| Lingala
| Bangala
|
| I am | nazali | nazi |
| you are (singular) | ozali | ozi |
| he/she/it is | azali | azi |
| we are | tozali | tozi |
| you are (plural) | bozali | bozi |
| they are | bazali | bazi |
The verb prefix
ko-, meaning "to" in Lingala is instead
ku, as it is in Swahili, so "to be" in Bangala is
kunited snakesla, not
kosala. Many other Bangala words have an /u/ sound where Lingala has an /o/ sound, such as
bisu (not
biso - "we") and
mutu (not
moto - "person").
Source here (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangala_language).
Bangala Swadesh list
| No. | English
| Bangalabangála
|
| 1 | I | ngái |
| 2 | you (singular) | yó |
| 3 | he | yé |
| 4 | we | bísú |
| 5 | you (plural) | bínú |
| 6 | they | bangó |
| 7 | this | óyo |
| 8 | that | wâná |
| 9 | here | áwa |
| 10 | there | kúná, wâná |
| 11 | who | náni (interrogative) |
| 12 | what | níni (interrogative) |
| 13 | where | wápi (interrogative) |
| 14 | when | tángu, tángo (interrogative) |
| 15 | how | ɓóníɓóní, ɓúníɓúní (interrogative) |
| 16 | not | ... tɛ́ |
| 17 | all | nyɔ́sɔ |
| 18 | many | míngi |
| 19 | some | |
| 20 | few | mukɛ́, mɔkɛ́ |
| 21 | other | musúsu |
| 22 | one | mɔ́kɔ́ |
| 23 | two | míɓalí, dé (années) |
| 24 | three | mísáto |
| 25 | four | míne, kátrɛ |
| 26 | five | mítáno, páta |
| 27 | big | mulaí, mukrú, mukúrú, munɛ́nɛ, mɔnɛ́nɛ |
| 28 | long | mulaí |
| 29 | wide | mulaí |
| 30 | thick | búsúbusu, kpákí, munɛ́nɛ, mɔnɛ́nɛ |
| 31 | heavy | kiló, molito, mulito, muzíto, tóni |
| 32 | small | békúsé, fíkífíkí, mukɛ́, mɔkɛ́ |
| 33 | short | békúsé, mukúsé |
| 34 | narrow | mukɛ́, mɔkɛ́ |
| 35 | thin | bɛlɛbɛlɛ, fɛkɛfɛkɛ, fíkífíkí, kangékangé |
| 36 | woman | mukárí, mwásí |
| 37 | man (adult male) | molómé |
| 38 | man (human being) | mutu |
| 39 | child | mutɔ́tɔ, mwǎna |
| 40 | wife | bolóngani, mukárí, mwási |
| 41 | husband | bolóngani, muɓáli |
| 42 | mother | mamá |
| 43 | father | babá, papá, tatá |
| 44 | animal | nyama |
| 45 | fish | mbísi, samáki |
| 46 | bird | ndɛkɛ |
| 47 | dog | ɛ́mbwa, gbógbó |
| 48 | louse | sili |
| 49 | snake | nyɔ́ka |
| 50 | worm | kpɔ́tɔ |
| 51 | tree | ndeté, nzeté |
| 52 | forest | zámba |
| 53 | stick | ndeté, nzeté |
| 54 | fruit | mbuma |
| 55 | seed | nyǎ, tiría, telía, tilía |
| 56 | leaf | kásá |
| 57 | root | mosisá, tína |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | kpɔtɔ, pɔsɔ |
| 59 | flower | feléle |
| 60 | grass | matíti, mayáni |
| 61 | rope | kámba, mugbɛ́lɛ́, munyɔlɔ́lɔ, manyɔrɔ́rɔ, singa |
| 62 | skin | kpɔtɔ, pɔsɔ |
| 63 | meat | musuni, nyama |
| 64 | blood | makíra, makilá |
| 65 | bone | mukúa |
| 66 | fat (noun) | mafúta |
| 67 | egg | makiá, mayáya, párákɔ́ndɔ́ |
| 68 | horn | gbǎngá, lisɛ́kɛ́ |
| 69 | tail | kɔndɔ́, mokíla, mɔkɔndɔ́ |
| 70 | feather | mayáni |
| 71 | hair | súki |
| 72 | head | mutú |
| 73 | ear | masikíyo |
| 74 | eye | míso, mísu |
| 75 | nose | sɔ́ngɔ́ |
| 76 | mouth | munɔkɔ, mɔnɔkɔ |
| 77 | tooth | mɛ́nɔ, pɛ́mbɛ́ |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | ɗáɗá, ɛɗáɗá |
| 79 | fingernail | manzáka, manjáka, nzɔ́ngɔ́lɔ́nzɔ́ |
| 80 | foot | gbagaza, magɔrɔ, magulu |
| 81 | leg | magɔrɔ, magulu |
| 82 | knee | digbá, maɓɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́ |
| 83 | hand | maɓɔ́kɔ |
| 84 | wing | mapapá, mapapú |
| 85 | belly | liɓumu, sɔpɔ́ |
| 86 | guts | sɔpɔ́ |
| 87 | neck | kíngó |
| 88 | back | gongú, magɔngɔ, mɔkɔngɔ |
| 89 | breast | panzí, pɛ́njɛ́ |
| 90 | heart | mɔtɛ́ma |
| 91 | liver | fɔkɔfɔkɔ, lifwǎ, moɓáli |
| 92 | to drink | kumila, kumɛla |
| 93 | to eat | kulía |
| 94 | to bite | kukáta, kulúma, kusuá |
| 95 | to suck | kuɗanda |
| 96 | to spit | kutupa |
| 97 | to vomit | kusánza |
| 98 | to blow | kupɛpa, kupulisa |
| 99 | to breathe | kupima |
| 100 | to laugh | kusika, kusɛka |
| 101 | to see | kumúna, kumɛ́na, kumɔ́na |
| 102 | to hear | kuúka |
| 103 | to know | kuíba, kuzába |
| 104 | to think | kuɓánza, kukanisa |
| 105 | to smell | kunúsa |
| 106 | to fear | kuɓánga |
| 107 | to sleep | kulála |
| 108 | to live | kuvánda |
| 109 | to die | kukúfa, kukáta mɔtɛ́ma |
| 110 | to kill | kuɓuma, kuɓúngula |
| 111 | to fight | kuɓunda, kupikana |
| 112 | to hunt | |
| 113 | to hit | kuɓɛ́ta, kuɓúla, kupika |
| 114 | to cut | kukákata, kukáta |
| 115 | to split | kupasula |
| 116 | to stab | |
| 117 | to scratch | kukpɛra, kuvɔta |
| 118 | to dig | kutímula |
| 119 | to swim | kunyanya, kuwágia |
| 120 | to fly | kupumbwa |
| 121 | to walk | kutámbula |
| 122 | to come | kubia, kuía, kuúta |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | kulálisana (action) |
| 124 | to sit | kuvánda, kufánda, kukisa (action), kukisa (state) |
| 125 | to stand | kulamuka, kusimama, kutílima, kutɛ́lɛma (action) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | kupindɔla |
| 127 | to fall | kukpía |
| 128 | to give | kugaba, kupɛ́sa |
| 129 | to hold | kukamata |
| 130 | to squeeze | kukangisa |
| 131 | to rub | |
| 132 | to wash | kusukula |
| 133 | to wipe | kupangunited snakes, kupangisa |
| 134 | to pull | kubinda, kukɔkɔta |
| 135 | to push | kusukuma, kutíndika |
| 136 | to throw | kuɓwáka |
| 137 | to tie | kuwámbisa |
| 138 | to sew | kusuna, kusɔna |
| 139 | to count | kutánga |
| 140 | to say | kuluɓa |
| 141 | to sing | kunzɛ́mba, kuyémba |
| 142 | to play | kunited snakeskana, kunited snakesna |
| 143 | to float | kuwágia |
| 144 | to flow | |
| 145 | to freeze | |
| 146 | to swell | kuvímba |
| 147 | sun | múní, móní, múi |
| 148 | moon | sánzá, sɛ́nzá |
| 149 | star | minzóto, nyongi, yongi, nyɔ́ta |
| 150 | water | mái, maliɓa |
| 151 | rain | mbúla |
| 152 | river | mái, maliɓa |
| 153 | lake | tanganíka |
| 154 | sea | etíma, mbu |
| 155 | salt | munaná, munɛnɛ́, múngba, tíkpɔ́ |
| 156 | stone | liɓángá, liɓugú, liɓogó |
| 157 | sand | kɛ́nzɛ, mbúmɛ́, zélo |
| 158 | dust | putrú, putulú |
| 159 | earth | maɓelé |
| 160 | cloud | mapata |
| 161 | fog | kungúku, matútú |
| 162 | sky | lɔ́ra |
| 163 | wind | mupɛpɛ |
| 164 | snow | |
| 165 | ice | |
| 166 | smoke | múlinga |
| 167 | fire | mɔ́tɔ |
| 168 | ash | liburú, putrú, putulú |
| 169 | to burn | kupila, kupɛla, kuzíka, kuzíga |
| 170 | road | ɓalaɓála, baAmwára, zeró |
| 171 | mountain | gangalá, ngúmbá, ngɔ́mbá |
| 172 | red | mutání |
| 173 | green | moɓísi, mogugu |
| 174 | yellow | manzánɔ |
| 175 | white | kɛ́sɛ́kɛ́sɛ́, pɛ́, pɛ́mbɛ́ |
| 176 | black | ɓépí, dígídígí, muíndu, muíndo |
| 177 | night | bítímá, ɓutú |
| 178 | day | mukɔlɔ, mukɔrɔ, múní, móní, múi, zúru |
| 179 | year | mbúla, ané |
| 180 | warm | kuzúnga (verb) |
| 181 | cold | pío, píu |
| 182 | full | má, mɛkɛ́ |
| 183 | new | sika |
| 184 | old | kala, zamáni |
| 185 | good | malámu, muzúri, ngóni |
| 186 | bad | mabé |
| 187 | rotten | kumbanga, kupula, kupɔla (verb) |
| 188 | dirty | kukpaɗa, kupɔta (verb) |
| 189 | straight | alimá, sawasáwa |
| 190 | round | kílíkílí |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | kupila, kupɛla (to be sharp) |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | gbututu |
| 193 | smooth | landalanda, lɛndɛlɛndɛ |
| 194 | wet | kupula, kupɔla (to be wet) |
| 195 | dry | kukauka (verb) |
| 196 | correct | alimá, sawasáwa |
| 197 | near | pembéni, pɛnɛpɛnɛ, pɛnɛ |
| 198 | far | musíká |
| 199 | right | dwáte, ya lobóko ya mobáli |
| 200 | left | gósi, ya lobóko ya mwási |
| 201 | at | o, na |
| 202 | in | o, na |
| 203 | with | na |
| 204 | and | na, pé |
| 205 | if | sɔ́kɔ́, sɔ́kí |
| 206 | because | zambí |
| 207 | name | kɔ́mbɔ́ |
Source here (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Bangala_Swadesh_list).