Akan (Twi) Kabea (Tenses/Aspects of Twi)-gctid53169

[Ɔbenfo Ọbádélé]

Twi Kabea (Tenses of Twi)
Kabea (tense)	borɔfokasa nkyerɛaseɛ (translation)	Twi	borɔfokasa nkyerɛaseɛ	Twi nhwɛsoɔ	borɔfokasa nkyerɛaseɛ
daa kabea	present tense	yɛ	to be	ɛyɛ aboa	it is an animal
mprempren kabea	present tense	yɛ	to do	ɔyɛ adeɛ	he does a thing
ɛnsii kabea	present progressive	-re-	-ing	merekɔ[1]	I am going
daakye kabea I	future tense	-bɛ-	will	yɛbɛba	we will come
daakye kabea II	future tense	-rebɛ-	about to	ɔrebɛkɔ	he is fixin’ to go/he is about to go
ayɛasie kabea	past perfect tense	-a-	have	woakɔ	you have gone
adeyɛ ntoaso	resultative	any tense + -a-(verb)	to	ɔrekɔ akɔfrɛ no	she is going to go call him
twaamu kabea	past tense	(lenthening of verb’s final vowel)	did	mobaa ha	y’all came here
ɔhyɛ kabea	imperative tense	-n- (pronounced on high tone)	should	wɔnkɔ	they should go
ma + ɔhyɛ kabea	let + imperative tense	ma ___ -n-	let	ma wɔnhwɛ	let them see
dabi kabea	negative tense	-n- (pronounced on low tone)	not/do not	yɛnkɔ	we don’t go
ɔhyɛ dabi kabea	negative imperative tense	-nn-/mma______-nn-	should not	mma wɔnnkɔ	don’t let them go
dabi daakye kabea	negative future tense	-ren-	will not	morenkɔ	y’all will not go

[1] In Asante, the /-re-/ is not pronounced. It is realized simply by lengthening the vowel sound that occurs immediately before it. In Akuapem, it is pronounced.

[Agya Yaw]

Big help!
Yɛ so boa! anaa Yɛ kɛseɛ boa! (neither?)
@Obadele

[Agbede]

@Yaw Asare Aboagye ɛyɛ me sɛ wotumi se: "ɛboa me pa ara." @Obadele Kambon, meboa?

Eyi deɛ, ɛmmaa da.
As for this, it has not come before (has no precedent).
(Me nhwɛsoɔ ɛdi nokware anaa?)

[Ɔbenfo Ọbádélé]

Akhu;53189 wrote: @Yaw Asare Aboagye ɛyɛ me sɛ wotumi se: "ɛboa me pa ara." @Obadele Kambon, meboa?

Eyi deɛ, ɛmmaa da.
As for this, it has not come before (has no precedent).
(Me nhwɛsoɔ ɛdi nokware anaa?)

Wommoa! Nokorɛ ne sɛ, ɛbaa da. Wei na mede kyerɛɛ asuafoɔ wɔ Mframa Kurom. Afei na merehwehwɛ me nneɛma mu na mesee memfa mmrɛ mo wɔ ha.
(Nipa nko ara na yɛtumi di nokorɛ (Akuapem nokware). Adeɛ tumi yɛ nokware - Me nhwɛso no yɛ nokware anaa? (Akuapem) Me nhwɛsoɔ no yɛ nokorɛ anaa (Asante))

Yaw Asare Aboagye;53188 wrote: Big help!
Yɛ so boa! anaa Yɛ kɛseɛ boa! (neither?)
@Obadele

Mmoa kɛseɛ ni.
Mmoa a ɛso ni.
 Help in the english 'big help' is a noun (thing) not a verb
In Twi, boa is only a verb. The noun form is mmoa (not to be confused with mmoa 'animals')
Akhu's example is a verb form and would be a more common way to express what you're going for.

[Agya Yaw]

Meda ase nuanom (@Obadele Kambon & @Akhu).

[Ɔbenfo Ọbádélé]

Yɛnni aseda o!

[Agbede]

yɛnni aseda. Meda ase  @Obadele Kambon. Afei na meresua "di" wɔ Twi kasa asekyerɛ nwoma no mu.

[Ɔbenfo Ọbádélé]

@Akhu, mema wo nkɔsoɔ! Mo ne adwuma.
Yoo, yɛnni aseda o!

[Guest]

1218-Akan-Kabea-Tenses-2.docx
   
?

KABEA (TENSES) LESSON:

http://elias.fas.harvard.edu/content/kabea-tenses

   

• Daa Kabea (Present tense)
     [/list type=decimal]
     
  The present tense is used for an action that is done everyday. It is used for a habitual event. The verb is in its infinitive state without a prefix or suffix marking tense (it has no overt affix). The verb stem is usually said on a high tone and the pronoun said on a low tone except the second person singular and plural subject prefixes which are said on high tone. The adverbs of time marker in such sentences include daa (always), da biara (everyday), afe biara (every year), taa (often), dapεn biara(every week), bosome biara (every month) etc. When the subject of the sentence is a pronoun it is written together with the verb as one word but if the subject is a noun, they are written separately. In the following sentences the present tense is underlined.
  
  Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
  
  Kofi kɔ ayaresabea bosome biara.                           ?
  
  Fiada biara, Portia frε ne maame.                            ?
  
  Kennedy fa aduro da biara.
  
  Tweety da ntεm daa.                                                ?
  
  Angbah sɔre anpa.
  
  Afe biara, Ghana di fahodie da
  
  Fiada biara, meto nnwom.
  
  Yεnom nsuo daa.
  
  Dapεn biara, mesua Twi.                                          ?
  
  Wɔ taa bɔ bɔɔl Kweurasiada biara.
  
   
  
     
  • Atwamu/apaho Kabea (Past tense)
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    The past tense is used for an action which began in the past and at the time of speaking the action is not in progress. It is refering to a state in the past and things that we used to do often in the past. The past tense formation in Akan has different forms depending on the verb with a vowel or consonant or followed by an object or not. These are as follows:
    
       
    • When a verb ends with a vowel and is followed by an adverb or an object, the past tense is formed by doubling the last vowel.
         [/list type=decimal]
         
       Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
      
         
      • Ebenezer baa ha nnora.
           
      • Portia kɔɔ sukuu Dwoada yi.
           
      • Metoo nnwom anɔpa yi.
           
      • Yεdii fufu.
           
      • Twi asuafo no yεε aduane.
           [/list type=decimal]
           
         
        
           
        • When the verb ends with a vowel and is not followed by an object the past is formed by adding -e or -i (-eε or -iε in Asante).
             [/list type=decimal]
             
          Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
          
          Abofra no dae/daeε
          
          Yεkɔe/kɔeε
          
          Asuafoɔ no didii/didiiε
          
          Maame no tɔe/tɔeε*                           *tɔ – to buy
          
          ɔbaa no tui/tuiε*                                 *tu – to uproot
          
          ?
          
          Note: This rule does not apply to the verb wɔ (to have) and so (to carry). It is wrong to say Mewɔɔ sika or Mewɔeε (I had money or I had), rather say "Minyaa sika" (I had money). It is also wrong to say "Mesoo nwoma" (I carried books) rather say "Mesoaa nwoma" (I carried books).
          
             
          • When a verb has a consonant ending and is followed by an object we form the past tense by doubling the last consonant.
          [/list type=decimal]
             
          
          Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
          
          Medumm* gya no.                              *  dum - to extinguish
          
          Asuafo no nomm* nsu(o).                   * nom - to drink
          
          Papa no tɔnn adwa.                             * tɔn – to sell
          
          Mepamm atadeε nnora                       * pam – to sew
          
          Yesuaa Twi nnora                            ?
          
           
          
             
          • When a verb ends with a consonant and is not followed by an object or adverb, the past is formed by adding the suffixes iε or eε to the verb.
               [/list type=decimal]
               
            Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
            
            Medumiε
            
            Asuafo no nomeε
            
            Papa no tɔneε
            
            Mepameε.
            
            Yεsuaeε
            
            Note: When you start a sentence with "Na" the present tense sentence becomes a past tense. The verb still stays in its present state. In this case, it means "used to".
            
            Nhwεsoɔ (Examples) 
            
            Na mepam atadeε
            
            Na asuafo no nom nsa
            
            Na mewɔ sika
            
            Na yεwɔ Ghana
            
            Na Kofi di fufu
            
             
            
               
            • Adeyɛ ntoaso (serial verbs): Sometimes two verbs in sequence combine to give a single meaning. Examples are ka hwɛ, ka kyerɛ, fa bra, yɛ hwɛ, fa nom. The past of these types of verbs are formed by following the rules discussed above but note that the first verb remains in the present. It is only the second verb which is changed to the past.
                 [/list type=decimal]
                 
              Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
              
              ɔbaa no yɛ hwɛɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yie.
              
              Osuani no ka kyerɛɛ no sɛ ɔbɛsua Twi.
              
              Abofra no di hwɛeɛ.
              
              Mmofra no san kɔɔ wɔn fie.
              
              Asuafo no hyia dwenee asɛm no ho.
              
               
              
                 
              • Mprenmpren /Daa Kabea (Continuous/Progressive tense)
                   [/list type=decimal]
                   
                The continuous/progressive tense is used for an action which began in the past and will terminate in the future but at the time of speaking the action is still in progress. The progressive/continuous tense is marked by the prefix re-. The prefix marker re- is put right in front of the verb. Examples are reda, resu, renom etc. If the subject is a pronoun, the progressive marker is put between the pronoun and the verb and written as one word. Examples are mereda, meresu, merenom etc.
                
                Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
                
                Papa no redi fufu.                                                                                                                      ?
                
                Meresua Twi.
                
                Mmofra no renom nsuo.
                
                Papa no reyɛ adwuma.
                
                Kyerɛkyerɛni no rekyerɛ Twi
                
                ?
                
                Sometimes, the progressive continuous tense is used for an action which began in the past and will terminate in the future but at the time of speaking, the action may not be in progress.
                
                Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
                
                Me kyerɛkyerɛ retwerɛ nwoma.
                
                Papa no resi dan.
                
                Me maame reyɛ afuo
                
                ?
                
                The progressive construction is also used to express a future planned action or activity. This construction has the adverb of time indicated.
                
                Nhwεsoɔ (Examples) 
                
                Merekɔ  dɔkota hɔ ɔkyena.
                
                Asuafo no retu kwan Kweurasiada.
                
                Yɛreyɛ nhyiamu anwummere yi.
                
                Akwasi reto nnwom ɔkyena.
                
                ?
                
                This construction is used for an action which began in the past and will terminate some time in the future.
                
                   
                • Daakye Kabea (future tense)
                     [/list type=decimal]
                     
                  The future tense in Akan is marked by the prefix bɛ- (will) attached to the verb. If the subject is a pronoun, the future marker is inserted between the verb and the pronoun and written as one word. This is future type I.
                  
                  ?
                  
                  Nhwεsoɔ (Examples) 
                  
                  Papa no bɛsi dan.
                  
                  Asuafo no bɛsua Twi.
                  
                  Yɛbɛkɔ New York.
                  
                  Kyerɛkyerɛni bɛkyerɛ adeɛ ɔkyena.
                  
                  Wɔbɛdi pizza anwummere yi.
                  
                  ?
                  
                  Note: When the first person pronoun me (I) is the subject of the sentence do not write or say mebɛ- rather say and write mɛ-?
                  
                  Nhwεsoɔ (Examples) 
                  
                  Mɛda ntɛm ɔkyena
                  
                  Mɛtu Kwan.
                  
                  Mɛkɔ New York.
                  
                  Mɛsua Twi.
                  
                  Mɛtwerɛ nwoma.
                  
                  ?
                  
                  The second type of future construction is a combination of the progressive re- plus the future bɛ-. This indicates that the action is in the immediate future.
                  
                  ?
                  
                  Nhwεsoɔ (Examples) 
                  
                  Merebɛtu kwan.
                  
                  Yɛrebɛdi pizza
                  
                  Me papa rebɛsi dan.
                  
                  Asuafo no rebɛsua Twi.
                  
                  Wɔrebɛkɔ Columbus wɔ Ohio.
                  
                   
                  
                     
                  • Ayɛasie Kabea (Perfect Tense)
                       [/list type=decimal]
                       
                    The perfect tense marker is the prefix a- which is attached to the verb stem. It is used for an action or activity completed but at the time of speaking the effect is still felt. The marker is "a". The marker a is attached to the verb.
                    
                    Nhwεsoɔ (Examples)
                    
                    Wɔadi pizza no nyina.
                    
                    Asuafo no asua Twi.
                    
                    Mahu asuafo no dada.
                    
                    Yɛada ntɛm dodo.
                    
                    Abena ayɛ fie dwumadie no.

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