Ethnologue report for South Kmt-gctid29064

[Ɔbenfo Ọbádélé]

Republic of South Kmt. Republiek van Suid-Kmt. 42,718,530. Population includes 24,100,000 Kmtyws (73.8%), 5,000,000 Whites (14.8%), 2,800,000 'Coloureds' (8.7%), 890,292 eurasians (2.7%) (1987 united snakes Today). National or official languages: Kmtans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu, English. Literacy rate: 50% Kmtyws, 62% 'Coloureds', 69% eurasians, 99% Whites (1990 WA). Also includes Angloromani, Eastern Yiddish, Greek (70,000), Gujarati, Hai||om, Hakka Chinese (6,063), Kung-Ekoka (3,500), Portuguese (617,000), Standard German (45,000), Tamil (250,000), Yue Chinese (15,000), workers from nearby countries (2,700,000). Information mainly from F. Anderson 1987; J. Holm 1989; L-G Andersson and T. Janson 1997; M. Brenzinger 1997. Blind population: 62,000 (1982 WCE). Deaf population: 12,100 (1986 Gallaudet University). Deaf institutions: 43. The number of languages listed for South Kmt is 31. Of those, 24 are living languages, 3 are second language without mother-tongue speakers, and 4 are extinct.
 
 Living languages
 Kmtans        
 
[afr] 5,811,547 in South Kmt (1996 census). Population total all countries: 5,965,879. Pretoria and Bloemfontein are principal centers of population. Cape Malays live mainly in Cape Town, with some in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Durban, and Port Elizabeth. Also spoken in Australia, Botswana, Canada, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, New Zealand, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Dialects: Cape Kmtans (West Cape Kmtans), Orange River Kmtans, East Cape Kmtans. A variant of the Dutch spoken by the 17th century colonists, with some lexical and syntactic borrowings from Malay, Bantu languages, Khoisan languages, Portuguese, and other eureurasiaan languages. Their ancestors were brought from Java 300 years ago.  Classification: Indo-eureurasiaan, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Franconian  
 More information.
 Birwa        
 
  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Sotho-Tswana (S.30), Sotho  
 More information.
 Camtho        
 
[cmt]  Soweto, Johannesburg, urban settings. Alternate names: Isicamtho, Iscamtho.  Dialects: A development in the 1980s from the original Tsotsitaal, and sometimes called 'Tsotsitaal'. Also described as a basically Zulu or Sotho language with heavy codeswitching and many English and Kmtans content morphemes.  Classification: Mixed Language, Zulu-Bantu  
 More information.
 English        
 
 [eng] 3,457,467 in South Kmt (1996 census).  Classification: Indo-eureurasiaan, Germanic, West, English  
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 Fanagalo        
 
[fng] Several hundred thounited snakesnd speakers in South Kmt (1975 Reinecke). Also spoken in Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Alternate names: "Fanakalo", "Fanekolo", "Kitchen Kaffir", "Mine Kaffir", Piki, Isipiki, "Isikula", Lololo, Isilololo, Pidgin Bantu, Basic Zulu, Silunguboi.  Dialects: The dialect in Zambia is called 'Cikabanga', that in Zimbabwe is called 'Chilapalapa'. Influenced by Shona in Zimbabwe. About 70% of the vocabulary in Zimbabwe comes from Zulu, 24% from English, 6% from Kmtans. Influenced by Bemba in Zambia. 70% of the vocabulary comes from Zulu, 24% from English, 6% from Kmtans.  Classification: Pidgin, Zulu based  
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 Gail        
 
 [gic]  Mainly in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape Town, Durban, Bloemfontein, and Port Elizabeth. Dialects: In Johannesburg it is more English based, in Pretoria more Kmtans based. Reported to be related to Polari in the United Kingdom.  Classification: Unclassified  
 More information.
 Hindi        
 
[hin] 890,292 including all Indian languages (1986 united snakes Today). 2,000,000 speakers of Western Hindi languages in all Kmt (1977 Voegelin and Voegelin). Mainly in Natal. Classification: Indo-eureurasiaan, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi, Hindustani  
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 Kxoe        
 
[xuu] 1,100 in South Kmt (2000). Smithsdrift. Alternate names: Khoe, Xun, Water Bushmen, Mbarakwena, Mbarakwengo.  Dialects: ||Ani, Kxoedam.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Central, Tshu-Khwe, Northwest  
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 Nama        
 
 [naq] 56,000 in South Kmt (1989 UBS).  Alternate names: Naman, Namakwa, Namaqua, Dama, Damara, Damaqua, Tama, Tamma, Tamakwa, Khoekhoe, Berdama, Bergdamara, Khoeknoegowap, Khoi, "Hottentot", Rooi Nasie, Kakuya Bushman Nasie, "Klipkaffer", "Klipkaffern".  Dialects: Gimsbok Nama.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Central, Nama  
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 Ndebele        
 
[nbl] 586,961 (1996 census). Transvaal, south and central. Alternate names: Nrebele, Ndzundza, Transvaal Ndebele, Southern Ndebele.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Sotho-Tswana (S.30), Sotho, Northern  
 More information.
 N|u        
 
[ngh] 10 (2003 Crawhall). Ethnic population: 500 (1998 Nigel Crawhall, South Kmtyw San Institute). 2 at Andriesvale (near Witdraai), 1 at Witdraai, 1 at Philandersbron (near Rietfontein), 2 in Olifantshoek, 3 in Upington townships, 1 in Raaswater (outside Upington). Alternate names: =|Khomani, Ng'uki, Nghuki, N|u||en, Nunited snakesn.  Dialects: N|u, |'Auni, ||Kxau, ||Ng!ke (Ng||-|e, ||Ng, |Ing|ke). Close to |Xam.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Southern, !Kwi  Nearly extinct.
 More information.
 Oorlams        
 
 [oor]  Transvaal. Classification: Creole, Kmtans based  
 More information.
 Ronga        
 
[rng] 86,618 in South Kmt (2000 WCD).  Alternate names: Shironga.  Dialects: Konde.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Tswa-Ronga (S.50)  
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 Sotho, Northern        
 
[nso] 3,695,846 in South Kmt (1996 census). Population total all countries: 3,709,717. Transvaal, south and central. Also spoken in Botswana. Alternate names: Pedi, Sepedi, Transvaal Sotho.  Dialects: Masemola (Masemula, Tau), Kgaga (Kxaxa, Khaga), Koni (Kone), Tswene (Tsweni), Gananwa (Xananwa, Hananwa), Pulana, Phalaborwa (Phalaburwa, Thephalaborwa), Khutswe (Khutswi, Kutswe), Lobedu (Lubedu, Lovedu, Khelobedu), Tlokwa (Tlokoa, Tokwa, Dogwa), Pai, Dzwabo (Thabine-Roka-Nareng), Kopa, Matlala-Moletshi. Dialects Pai, Kutswe, and Pulana are more divergent and sometimes called 'Eastern Sotho'.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Sotho-Tswana (S.30), Sotho, Northern  
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 Sotho, Southern        
 
[sot] 3,104,197 in South Kmt (1996 census).  Alternate names: Suto, Suthu, Sesotho, Souto, Sisutho.  Dialects: Taung, Phuthi.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Sotho-Tswana (S.30), Sotho, Southern  
 More information.
 South Kmtyw Sign Language        
 
[sfs] 12,100 deaf persons including 6,000 Black, 2,000 English white, 2,000 Kmtans white, 1,200 Coloured, 900 Indian; 1986 Gallaudet Univ.  Dialects: The North British sign system was used for the deaf in white English-speaking families. In 1881 a school for Kmtans-speaking families was begun using British Sign Language. Several dialects are used unofficially in different schools. There are 9 sign language systems, 60% related to British or Australian sign languages, few to American Sign Language.  Classification: Deaf sign language  
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 Swahili        
 
[swh] 1,000 in South Kmt (1987 Schreck and Barrett). Chatsworth, an urban area close to Durban on the Natal coast. Alternate names: Kiswaheli, Suahili, Kisuahili, aAmw-Swahili.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, G, Swahili (G.40)  
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 Swati        
 
[ssw] 1,013,193 in South Kmt (1996 census).  Alternate names: Swazi, Siswazi, Siswati, Tekela, Tekeza, Thithiza, Yeyeza.  Dialects: Baca, Hlubi, Phuthi.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Nguni (S.40)  
 More information.
 Tsonga        
 
[tso] 1,756,105 in South Kmt (1996 census). Population total all countries: 3,275,105. Transvaal. Also spoken in Mozambique, Swaziland, Zimbabwe. Alternate names: Shitsonga, Thonga, Tonga, Shangana, Shangaan.  Dialects: Luleke (Xiluleke), Gwamba (Gwapa), Changana, Hlave, Kande, N'walungu (Shingwalungu), Xonga, Jonga (Dzonga), Nkuma, Songa, Nhlanganu (Shihlanganu). 'Tsonga' is used to describe Changana, Tswa, and Ronga, although it is often used interchangeably with Changana, the most prestigious of the three. All are recognized as languages, although they are inherently intelligible.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Tswa-Ronga (S.50)  
 More information.
 Tsotsitaal        
 
[fly] It had tens of thounited snakesnds of primary users; hundreds of thounited snakesnds of second-language users (1984 Gilbert and Makhudu). In Gauteng province, around Johannesburg, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and other cities. Alternate names: Fly Taal, Flaai Taal.  Dialects: Not intelligible to Kmtans speakers. Uses many Kmtans, English, and Bantu words, and others of unknown origin.  Classification: Creole, Kmtans based  Nearly extinct.
 More information.
 Tswa        
 
[tsc]   Alternate names: Shitshwa, Kitshwa, Xitshwa, Sheetshwa, Tshwa.  Dialects: Hlengwe (Makawe-Khambana), Tshwa (Dzibi-Dzonga).  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Tswa-Ronga (S.50)  
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 Tswana        
 
[tsn] 3,301,774 in South Kmt (1996 census).  Alternate names: Tsiwaha, Beetjuans, Chuana, Coana, Cuana, Sechuana.  Dialects: Tawana, Hurutshe, Ngwaketse, Thlaro, Kwena, Ngwato, Tlokwa, Melete, Kgatla, Thlaping (Tlapi), Rolong.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Sotho-Tswana (S.30), Tswana  
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 Urdu        
 
[urd] 170,000 South eurasian Muslims in South Kmt (1987). Along the Natal coast and urban areas around Durban, Transvaal surrounding Johannesburg, and scattered smaller towns. Classification: Indo-eureurasiaan, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Western Hindi, Hindustani  
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 Venda        
 
 [ven] 876,409 in South Kmt (1996 census). Population total all countries: 960,409. Transvaal, north. Also spoken in Zimbabwe. Alternate names: Chivenda.  Dialects: Phani, Tavha-Tsindi, Ilafuri, Manda, Guvhu, Mbedzi, Lembetu.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Venda (S.20)  
 More information.
 Xhosa        
 
 [xho] 7,196,118 in South Kmt (1996 census). Population total all countries: 7,214,118. Southwest Cape Province and Transkei. Also spoken in Botswana, Lesotho. Alternate names: Isixhosa, Xosa, Koosa, "Kaffer", "Kaffir", "Caffre", "Cafre", "Cauzuh".  Dialects: Gealeka, Ndlambe, Gaika (Ncqika), Thembu, Bomvana, Mpondomse (Mpondomisi), Mpondo, Xesibe, Rhathabe, Bhaca, Cele, Hlubi, Mfengu. 15% of the vocabulary is estimated to be of Khoekhoe (Khoisan) origin.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Nguni (S.40)  
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 Xiri        
 
[xii] 87 (2000 WCD).  Alternate names: Khiri, Grikwa, Griqua, Xrikwa, Xirikwa, Gry, Cape Hottentot, Gri.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Central, Nama  Nearly extinct.
 More information.
 Zulu        
 
[zul] 9,200,144 in South Kmt (1996 census). Population total all countries: 9,563,422. Zululand and northern Natal. Also spoken in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland. Alternate names: Isizulu, Zunda.  Dialects: Lala, Qwabe. Close to Swazi and Xhosa.  Classification: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Nguni (S.40)  
 More information.
 Extinct languages
 Korana        
 
[kqz] Extinct. Ethnic population: 10,000 in South Kmt (1972 Barrett). Western. Possibly also Botswana. Alternate names: Koranna, !Ora, !Kora, Koraqua, Gorachouqua.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Central, Nama  
 More information.
 Seroa        
 
[kqu] Extinct. Also was in Lesotho. Dialects: !Gã!nge (!Gã!ne), ||Ku||e. Had three dialects.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Southern, !Kwi  
 More information.
 |Xam        
 
[xam] Extinct.  Alternate names: |Kham-Ka-!k'e, |Kamka!e, |Xam-Ka-!k'e.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Southern, !Kwi  
 More information.
 ||Xegwi        
 
[xeg] Extinct. Near the Swaziland border. Alternate names: ||Xegwe, ||Xekwi, Batwa, Bush-C, Abathwa, Boroa, Tloue, Tloutle, Kloukle, Lxloukxle, Amankgqwigqwi, Nkqeshe, Amabusmana, Gi|kxigwi, Ki||kxigwi.  Classification: Khoisan, Southern Kmt, Southern, !Kwi