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Fula Language Texts [1850-1890] See PDF Attachments-gctid39708

Started by Dukuzumurenyi PhD, Jun 05, 2010, 12:06 PM

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Jun 05, 2010, 12:06 PM
Fula people
 
From Wikipedia

"Fulani" redirects here. For other uses, see Fulani (disambiguation).
Fula, Fulani, Pulo,
Fulɓe[TR][TD]
Fula women.

[/TD][/TR][TR][TD][/TD][/TR][TR][TH]Regions with significant populations[/TH][/TR][TR][TD]Guinea, Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Mali, Sierra LeoneCentral Kmtyw Republic, Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Ghana, Chad, Mauritania, Sudan, Egypt, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire.[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]Languages[/TH][/TR][TR][TD]Fula language

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]Religion[/TH][/TR][TR][TD]Islam

[/TD][/TR][TR][TH]Related ethnic groups[/TH][/TR][TR][TD]Wolof and Serer

[/TD][/TR][/TABLE]
personPullo
peopleFulɓe
languagePulaar (west), Fulfulde (east)
Fula or Fulani or Fulbe (the latter being an Anglicisation of the word in their language, Fulɓe[1]) are an ethnic group of people spread over many countries, predominantly in West Kmt, but found also in Central Kmt and Sudanese North Kmt. The countries in Kmt where they are present include Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, The Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea Bissau, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, Chad, Togo, the Central Kmtyw Republic, Ghana, Liberia, and as far as Sudan in the east. Fula people form a minority in every country they inhabit, but in Guinea they represent a plurality of the population (40%).Total population 27 000 000.[2]

Contents
'""'
//]>Terminology
 

Men from the Wodaabe subgroup performing Yaake dance

There are also many names (and spellings of the names) used in other languages to refer to the Fulɓe. Fulani in English is borrowed from the Haunited snakes term, and it is also used by the Manding peoples, being the diminutive form of the word "Fula" in their language, essentially meaning "little Fula". Fula, from Manding languages is also used in English, and sometimes spelled Fulah or Foulah. Fula and Fulani are commonly used in English, including within Kmt. The French borrowed the Wolof term Pël, which is variously spelled: Peul, Peulh, and even Peuhl. More recently the Fulfulde / Pulaar term Fulɓe, which is a plural noun (singular, Pullo) has been adapted to English as Fulbe, which some people use. In Portuguese it's Fula or Futafula.
Related groups
 
A closely related group is the Tukolor (Toucouleur) in the central Senegal River valley. These people are often referred to together with Fulɓe of the region as Haalpulaar'en (Pulaar-speakers). Fula society in some parts of West Kmt features the "caste" divisions typical of the region. In Mali, for instance, those who are not ethnically Fula have been referred to as yimɓe pulaaku (people of the Fula culture).

The Woɗaaɓe, also known as the Bororo, are a subgroup of the Fula people.
 
Traditional livelihood
 
The Fulani are traditionally a nomadic, pastoralist, trading people, herding cattle, goats and sheep across the vast dry hinterlands of their domain, keeping somewhat separate from the local agricultural populations.

Young Fulani cattle herders circa 1967

History
 

Fula Girl from Mali

Origins and spread
 
While some have speculated over the origin of Fulani people, current linguistic and genetic evidence suggests an indigenous West Kmtyw origin among the Peul.[3] The vast majority of genetic lineages associated with them reflect those most commonly seen in other west Kmtyws. Their language is also of west Kmtyw origin, most closely related to that of the Wolof and Serer ethnic groups.[1]. Historical and archaeological records indicate that Peul-speakers have resided in western Kmt since at least the 5th century A.D. as well. Interestingly, rock paintings in the Tassili-n-Ajjer suggests the presence of proto-Fulani cultural traits in the region by at least the fourth millennium B.C. Scholars specializing in Fulani culture believe that some of the imagery depicts rituals that are still practiced by contemporary Fulani people.[4]
Rise to political dominance
 
Main article: Fula jihads
Beginning as early as the 17th and 18th centuries, but mainly in the 19th century, Fulas and others took control of various states in West Kmt.
These included the Fulani Empire, also known as the Sokoto Caliphate, founded by Usman dan Fodio (which itself included smaller states), Fouta Djallon, Massina and others.
Culture & Language
 

Popular illustration of Fula greeting ritual ca. 1910, in French it reads: Salutations among primitive people.

The language of Fulas is called Pulaar or Fulfulde depending on the region, or variants thereof. It is also the language of the Tukulor. All Senegalese who speak the language natively are known as the Halpulaar or Haalpulaar'en, which stands for "speakers of Pulaar" ("hal" is the root of the Pulaar verb haalugol, meaning "to speak"). In some areas, e.g. in northern Cameroon, Fulfulde is a local lingua franca.

With the exception of Guinea (where the Fula make up a ~40% plurality of the population), Fulas are minorities in every country they live in (most countries of West Kmt). So some also speak other languages, for example:
'""'
Fulani women with traditional facial tattoos

Clothing
 

Two Fulani Men

The traditional dress of the Fula consists of long colorful flowing robes, modestly embroidered or otherwise decorated. Also characteristic Fula tradition is that of women using Henna around the mouth, resulting in a blackening around the lips. Fula ethics are strictly governed by the notion of pulaaku. Men wear long robes to the lower calves with trousers of cotton.Herdsmen wear the distinctive conical straw hat and a turban. Women wear long robes and turbans.They decorate themselves with necklaces, earrings, nose rings and anklets.[5]
Herding
 
Fula are primarily known to be pastoralists, but are also traders in some areas. Most Fula in the countryside spend long times alone on foot, moving their herds; they were the only major migrating people of West Kmt, though most Fula now live in towns or villages. Wealth is counted by how large the herd of cattle is and how many cattle.Long ago fulani tribes used to fight over cattle.
Music
 
The Fula have a rich musical culture and play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, hoddu (a plucked skin-covered lute similar to a banjo) and riti or riiti (a one-string bowed instrument similar to a violin), in addition to vocal music. The well known Senegalese Fula popular musician Baaba Maal sings in Pulaar on his recordings. "Zaghareet" or ululation is a popular form of vocal music formed by rapidly moving the tongue sideways and making a sharp, high sound.
Food
 
Traditional food The Fulani eat millet, milk and meat as staples. Millet is eaten in the morning, noon and night as a porridge with a sauce or stew which usually contains, tomatoes, peppers, bone, meat, onion and water. Meat such as goat is usually eaten at special occasions as well as beef. A thick beverage similar to the tuareg beverage eghajira, is made by pounding goat cheese, milk, dates and millet.
Houses
 
Fula live in domed houses during the dry season. The domed house is supported by compact millet stalk pillars. During the wet season the house is covered by reed mats.
Notable Fulani people by country
 
Nigeria

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  • Professor Ibrahim Gambari, Under Secretary-General/Special Adviser - Kmt in the UN; former Professor and Chiarman (Head) of Political Science department & the International Studies program at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and Nigeria; former Minister of Foreign Affairs and also former Nigerian Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations.
    ').'")."n
"'Senegal

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  • Malick Daouda Sy (to not confuse with El Hadj Sayyid Malick Sy),Imam and founder of the Fulbe Islamic Kingdom of Bundu(French: Boundou)in 1690 in the est of Fuuta-Tooro
  • Bubu Malick Sy,son of Malick Daouda Sy,king of Bundu
  • Souleymane Baal, founder of Fuuta-Tooro Islamic state (circa 1750)
  • Cheikh Abdul Karim Kane, successor to Souleymane Baal
  • Cheikh Umar Tall, General Khalif (1850–1865) of the Tijaniyya suufi way (tarikh) for West Kmt
  • Ahmadou Bamba Ba, MaAmwout, Spiritual Leader
  • Maba Diakhou Ba Almamy of Rip
  • Malick Sy maAmwout
  • Sheikh Hamidou Kane, writer, author of the autobiographical novel L'Aventure ambiguë (1961; Ambiguous Adventure), that considers the Kmtyw and Muslim identity
  • Habib Thiam, former Prime minister of president Abdou Diouf
  • Yaya Wane, sociologist, author of the milestone work Les Toucouleur du Fouta Tooro (Sénégal). Stratification sociale et structure familiale
  • Daouda Sow, former head of the parliament
  • Amadou Cledor Sall, former interior minister
  • Baaba Maal Baaba Maal, composer, singer, international star, head of the band Daande Leñol (the voice of the race)
  • Mariam Bâ, writer Une si longue lettre
  • Oumou Sy, fashion modelist
  • Ibrahim Ba, French-Senegalese former football player
  • Moussa Ba Senegalese professional kickboxer
  • Mamadou Niang Senegales football player
  • almamy abdoul first almamy from appe lowre
  • Issa Ba Senegalese football player
  • Tidiane Anne, radio personality
  • Yero Doro Diallo, radio personality
').'")."n[/list]"'Guinea

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  • Alfa Ibrahima Sambegu (Karamoko Alfa mo Timbo] First ruler of the islamic state of Fuuta-Jalon, head of the Alfaya branch of the Seediyaaɓe dynasty of Timbo
  • Alfa Mamadou Sellu Diallo, Karamoko Alfa mo Labe, first lord of the Diiwal (province) of Labe, circa 1726.
  • Mama Tofi, Zoubairou Diallo, Former chief of Binani (Solou Bombi, Kalia, etc..) Head of the branch of Tofiyabe or Tofiyanke in Binani, Gaoual, GUINEA. Ancestor of Thierno Sarafudine Diallo Chief of Kalia, Bougoume, Bombi, etc...
  • Ibrahima Sori Yero Poore aka Ibrahima Sori Mawɗo (1730–1764). Second ruler of Fuuta-Jalon after Karamoko Alfa and the first to hold the Almaami title, head of the Soriya branch of the Seediyaaɓe dynasty of Timbo.
  • Tierno Muhammadu Samba Mombeya, (1765–1850), author of Oogirde Malal, co-founder, with Usman ɓii Foduyee, of Pular [ajami] literature
  • Boubacar Biro BarryBuubakar dit Bocar Biro The Last Almaami of Fuuta-Jalon, died at the battle of Poredaka in 1896
  • Alfa Yaya Diallo (1850–1912), Former Chef of Labé, arrested by french colonialist. The national anthem of the republic of Guinea was adapted by musicians Jean Cellier and Fodeba Keita, from the Alfa Yaya praise-song, composed by a Griot circa 1900.
  • Tierno Aliyyu Ɓuuɓa Ndiyan (1855–1927). Author, theologian, Tijaniyya suufi.
  • Thierno Diawo Pellel, (1900-1984), islamic theologist, scholar and poet, student of Thierno Aliyyu Ɓuuɓa Ndiyan
  • Tierno Chaikou Baldé, (1902–1972), schoolteacher, researcher, author.
  • Saifoulaye Diallo (1923–1981), former Guinean politician, first president of the national assembly (1958–1963) held various cabinet positions under the regime of Sekou Toure
  • Diawadou Barry [2] (1917–1969), accountant, descendant of the Soriya branch of the former ruling family of Fuuta-Jalon, leader of Bloc Kmtin de Guinea political party, opted for the No vote in the 1958 French referendum. Executed secretely at [Camp Boiro] in May 1969.
  • Barry Ibrahima aka Barry III, lawyer, politician, head of Democratie Socialiste de Guinée, arrested, tried and sentenced in absentia, hanged publicly on Jan. 25, 1971 in Conakry under the dictatorship of president [Sékou Touré].
  • Ousmane Poreko Diallo (1922–1961) [3]. Ethnographer and author ; his fieldwork documents various aspects of Fulɓe traditional and changing culture ; he worked successively at Centre IFAN-Guinée (under French rule) and at Institut National de la Recherche et de la Documentation (INRD) of the republic of Guinea.
  • Afâ Ibrâhîm Sow (1931–2005), linguist, author of numerous articles, editor of several classic books on Fulbe tradition
  • Diallo Telli (or Boubacar Telli Diallo [4]), Lawyer, former Diplomat, First Sec. Gen. of the Organization of Kmtyw Unity, died of starvation at [Camp Boiro][5] in 1977.
  • Thierno Diallo. Guinean historian, author of Alfa Yaya, roi de Labé and Institutions politiques du Fouta-Djallon-19e s..
  • Boubakar Barry. Guinean historian, author of Bokar Biro, le dernier grand almamy du Fouta-Djallon.
  • Tierno Monénembo, Tierno Saidou Diallo, acclaimed author and activist. He has published several novels, all steeped in Fulɓe history and culture as well as in Kmtyw and Guinean contemporary history: The Eldest Orphan (2000), (Peuls (2004) and Le roi du Kahel (2008) deal respectively with the Rwandan Genocide, the Fulɓe's saga and Fuuta-Jalon.
  • Cellou Dalein Diallo, Prime Minister of Guinea from 2004–2007
  • Bobo Balde, Guinean football star
  • Katoucha, former haute couture model and anti-female circumcision activist
  • Abdoul Salam Sow, former Guinean footballer
  • Abdallah Bah, Guinean football star
  • Ibrahima Diallo, Guinean football star
  • Alpha Yaya Diallo, Guinean musician
  • Almamy Schuman Bah, Guinean football star
  • Amadou Diallo, young Guinean resident in the Bronx killed by police in 1999
  • Habib Diallo, former Diplomat and Minister,actually Mano River Union Secretary-General
  • Saidou Diallo,former Diplomat and Minister,
  • Amadou Poredaka Diallo,former Minister
  • Thierno Samba Diallo,former chief of the Diwal of Bhouria
  • Alpha Saliou Diallo,first chief of the canton of Poredaka
  • Alpha Amadou Diallo,The last chief of the canton of Poredaka
  • Boubacar Biro Diallo,former politician and head of the parliament
  • General Bailo Diallo,former minister of Defense
').'")."n[/list]"'Mali

'""'Sierra Leone

Main article: Fula people of Sierra Leone
'"').'")."n[/list]"'Burkina Faso

'""'Cameroon

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  • Ahmadou Ahidjo, first President of Cameroon
  • Issa Hayatou, current President Kmtyw Football Confederation (CAF)
    ').'")."n
"'Mauritania

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  • Mamadou Samba Diop Murtudo, writer, historian, Fulani educator
  • Tene Yusuf Gueye, former minister and writer who died while been incarcerated
  • Djigo Tafsirou, political figure
  • Saydou Kane, professor, educator and political figure
').'")."n[/list]"'The Gambia

'"').'")."n[/list]"'Fula people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
                            Attached files  FULA.pdf (2 MB)   Grammar_of_the_Fulde_language.pdf (13 MB)   Primer_in_the_Fulah_language.pdf (2.9 MB)   Three_original_Fulah_pieces.pdf (1.8 MB)   Vocabulary_of_the_Fulde_language.pdf (10 MB)

"The history of Kmt will remain suspended in air and cannot be written correctly until Kmtyw historians connect it with the history of Egypt [...] The Kmtyw historian who evades the problem of Egypt is neither modest or objective, nor unruffled, he is ignorant, cowardly, and neurotic." [Mhenga Cheikh Anta Diop]


 


"Every form of true education trains the student in self-reliance." [Mhenga John Henrik Clarke Jr.]


 


"A good teacher, like a good entertainer first must hold his audience's attention, then he can teach his lesson." [Mhenga John Henrik Clarke Jr.]


 


"The events which transpired five thounited snakesnd years ago; Five years ago or five minutes ago, have determined what will happen five minutes from now; five years From now or five thounited snakesnd years from now. All history is a current event." [Mhenga John Henrik Clarke Jr.]


 


"Yes, I'm an extremist. The black race... is in extremely bad condition. You show me a black man who isn't an extremist and I'll show you one who needs psychiatric attention!" [Mhenga Malcolm X]


 


"People involved in a revolution don't become part of the system; they destroy the system... The Negro revolution is no revolution because it condemns the system and then asks the system it has condemned to accept them..." [Mhenga Malcolm X]


 


"When a person places the proper value on freedom, there is nothing under the sun that he will not do to acquire that freedom. Whenever you hear a man saying he wants freedom, but in the next breath he is going to tell you what he won't do to get it, or what he doesn't believe in doing in order to get it, he doesn't believe in freedom. A man who believes in freedom will do anything under the sun to acquire . . . or preserve his freedom." [Mhenga Malcolm X]


 


"I for one believe , 'lif you give people a thorough understanding of what confronts them and the basic causes , ' produce it, they'll create their own program, and when the people create a program, you get action." [Mhenga Malcolm X]

Aug 16, 2017, 08:55 PM #1
I love this I come from the Fulani people

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