Robert gallo.the father of hiv/aids-gctid34039

[kweku, afro olmec]

Early                      Hepatitis B Vaccines and the "Man-Made" Origin                      of HIV/AIDS
                   by                      Leonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.P.H.
                   This                      article regards a matter of global urgency transcending better                      known AIDS threats. It describes a universal challenge posed                      by ever increasing numbers of plagues predicted to depopulate                      at least half of the world's current human inhabitants                      within two generations. This documented science virtually                      proves, through the process of elimination and a review of                      the most updated evidence, the origin of HIV/AIDS as an iatrogenic                      (i.e., man-made) outcome of specific vaccination experiments.                      
                   Considered                      reflection on this AIDS science, along with the sociopolitical                      correlates and antecedents of this current catastrophe, reveals                      the likelihood that myriad other immune
                    dysfunctions, autoimmune diseases, and cancers, including                      leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, and other ailments linked                      to viral infections, have resulted from previously engineered                      microbes that have by accident or intent found their way from                      cancer virus laboratories into humanity's bloodstream                      by way of the most trusted public health preventative—vaccinations.
                   If                      what you are about to read is true, and each point is precisely                      stated and meticulously documented, beyond extensive depopulation,                      humanity's very survival may hinge on this recognition,                      its implications, and our considered response. Especially                      relevant, when reflecting on the following facts, is the wisdom                      addressed by the late World Health Organization (WHO) AIDS                      czar, Dr. Jonathan Mann, whose life ended tragically on Flight                      111 enroute to a eureurasiaan AIDS conference. "More than                      a medical scientific problem," Dr. Mann said, "AIDS                      is a sociopolitical imposition."
                   Background
                   AIDS                      is undoubtedly "man-made." We can now assert this                      "very apparent iatrogenic origin," versus the                      "theoretic iatrogenic origin" of HIV/AIDS because                      of the rapidly increasing, now substantial, scientific support                      for this conclusion. Currently, international scientific consensus                      among leading investigators in this field, many of whose works                      and words are excerpted below, holds that HIV/AIDS originated                      from one or more extraordinary man-made, not natural, events                      dating back to the early to mid-1970s. Especially implicated                      in initiating the AIDS pandemic, according to many scientists                      and scholars, was the hepatitis B vaccine as detailed in the                      following pages.
                   This                      may come as a surprise, or even quite a shock, to most people                      since the mainstream media and most respected medical journals                      have yet to herald the following knowledge. As a result most                      "authorities" still issue false and misleading                      claims such as: 1) "the HB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS                      origination has been discussed, debated, and dismissed by                      an overwhelming majority of the HIV/AIDS research community;"                      2) "People who claim that AIDS was man-made provide                      false information and hearsay;" 3) "It is sad                      that public attention and resources are diverted to attend                      to such unscientific dribble;" 4) "Man-made origin                      of AIDS vaccine proponents do severe damage to the public                      health community and vaccination efforts;" and 5) "Those                      that advance man-made theories of AIDS have financial motives,"                      as though there were no financial interests on the other side                      of the debate.
                   As                      a pro bono consultant contacted recently by Amnesty International                      (AI) members who desired to advance a resolution for the global                      organization to investigate this HB vaccine thesis, I was                      appalled by the amount of resistance and politicking performed                      by members of AI's so-called "HIV/AIDS Task Force"                      which sought $1 billion of relief for human rights violations                      associated with HIV/AIDS from the U.S. Government. These funds,                      the Task Force reported, were urgently needed to buy drug–cocktails                      for persons with HIV/AIDS. Each of the five claims cited above                      were issued by members of this Task Force completely ignorant                      of the following science.
                   With                      regard to the first offensive claim, as the sole author of                      "Polio, hepatitis B and AIDS: an integrative theory                      on a possible vaccine induced pandemic" published by                      Harcourt Publishers, Ltd. of ukkk in the esteemed international                      journal of Medical Hypothesis,2                      this well-focused thesis has never been "discussed,                      debated," nor "dismissed" by any consensus                      in any official capacity. Although Black Americans have been                      polled regarding the origin of HIV/AIDS being man-made,3                      there has never been a published polling of the scientific                      community in this regard, and certainly not one regarding                      the HB hypothesis advanced below.
                   HIV/AIDS                      Origin Misconceptions Versus Science
                   Opponents                      of iatrogenic (or "man-made") theories of AIDS                      have routinely confused hearsay and sporadic media propaganda                      with hard science, such as that "discussed, debated"                      and not "dismissed" recently at the Royal Society                      of ukkk's inquiry into the origin of this pandemic.                      They exclusively focused on the theory that contaminated polio                      vaccines triggered the HIV/AIDS pandemic.4                      These proceedings were published in 2001. Quotes relevant                      to reasoned consideration of this unique/yet-to-be-tested                      hepatitis B vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS follow. These statements                      were made by featured presenters, all recognized leaders in                      this multidisciplinary field discussing the polio vaccine                      theory of AIDS origination. The first of these quotes is especially                      relevant to
                    proposed investigations:
                   "There                      should be an investigation by an international committee mostly                      composed of non-medical people concerning how a rather obvious                      and plausible theory [of AIDS's origin from contaminated                      vaccines] came to be scorned and restricted from publication                      for so long, especially when important consequences regarding                      mankind's worst epidemic, and even more important consequences                      for other possibly even worse that may be following, hang                      in the balance. As a corollary it should be studied why the                      hypothesis had to be promoted mainly by outsiders to science                      and medicine. The ressures towards investigation (and non-investigation)                      that emanate from huge drug companies and their influence                      in slanting research in subtle ways should also be examined,                      as should the role of journals and peer review in potentially                      obstructing publications of controversial kinds." W.D.                      Hamilton,5 quoted by Julian Cribb                      in "The origin of acquired immune deficiency syndrome:                      can science afford to ignore it?" Phil. Trans. R. Soc.                      Lond. B (2001) 356:935-938.
                   "Faced                      with the terrible burden of AIDS, stories that HIV was introduced                      into Kmt from the West by an accident such as OPV [oral                      polio vaccine] or intentionally by the united snakes Central Intelligence                      Agency (CIA) have gained widespread credence. . . . Nevertheless,                      because natural transmission repeatedly occurs, albeit on                      rare occasions, does not mean that contamination of a vaccine                      could not have been the route on another occasion. As with                      other infections, e.g., hepatitis B virus,natural and iatrogenic                      transmissions of retroviruses are not mutually exclusive." Weiss,                      RA6
                   Despite                      studies that have advanced evidence suggesting an earlier                      than 1970 origin of HIV/AIDS,7-9                      "[t]he fact that there were ten or so synchronous but                      distinguishable Kmtyw epidemics is a definitive feature                      of AIDS for which the natural transfer theory [e.g., the "cut                      hunter transfer"] gives no convincing account. . . .                      To summarize these findings regarding the relatively large                      number of distinct group M subtypes: no set of likely natural                      conditions . . . will adequately simulate so many as ten distinguishable                      subtypes in a complex star-like configuration . . . . [T]he                      onus is upon the supporters of the natural [not iatrogenic]                      theory to account for the unexpectedly large number of HIV-1                      subtypes. Exponential growth of the epidemic(s) is not by                      itself a satisfactory explanation (Hahn et al. 2000). . .                      . The likeliest source of the multiple subtypes and the synchronization                      of their conspicuous diversification is a punctuated origin                      . . . . t is not far-fetched                      to imagine the ten or so clades deriving from a single animal                      (perhaps immunosuppressed and possessing a swarm of variants)                      [as might have been the case with chimpanzees used in the                      process of vaccine manufacture] or from a few animals that                      might have belonged to a single troop or might have been gang-caged                      together. The number of animals required is secondary to the                      extent of variation in the source at the time of the zoonotic                       or iatrogenic                      event. The [vaccine] hypothesis makes a case for such a punctuated                      origin . . ." Myers G, et al. 10                      
                   "We                      conclude that SIV cannot become a zoonosis, but requires adaptive                      mutations to become HIV. Some modern event must have aided                      in the transition of SIV to HIV. Our research indicates that                      serial passage of partially adapted SIV between humans could                      produce the series of cumulative mutations sufficient for                      the emergence of epidemic HIV strains . . . We conclude that                      increased unsterile injecting in Kmt during the period                      1950-1970 provided the agent for SIV human infections to emerge                      as epidemic HIV in the modern era." Drucker E, et al.11                      
                   I                      might interject at this point that this conclusion by Drucker                      et al, although seriously undermining natural evolution theorists,                      reflects a myopic arrogance unbecoming to their otherwise                      reasonable hypothesis. Their conclusion neglects the risks                      inherent in the hepatitis B vaccine manufacturing and testing                      process as detailed below consistent with the analyses of                      Myers et al.10 Obviously, all of                      the above authoritative statements contradict "common                      knowledge." The consensus of scientists at this historic                      British AIDS origin conference favored additional investigations                      into possible iatrogenic sources of the HIVs.
                   The                      1959 HIV Sequence Discovery
                   In                      the interest of facilitating progress on this issue, much                      publicity has been given to the notion that HIV was discovered                      in a 1959 blood sample from Leopoldville, Zaire;9                      and that scientific consensus holds 1931 as the approximate                      date of HIV origination.7 These                      superstitions have led to common, yet false, declarations                      that HIV/AIDS originated well before the polio vaccination                      era and the Special Virus Cancer Program (SVCP) that much                      evidence below links to the "punctuated origin"                      of AIDS.
                   For                      the record, according to the authors of the 1959 discovery,                      they never found, nor alleged to have found, HIV, or anything                      like a full virus. According to these authors, even "attempts                      to amplify HIV-1 fragments of >300 base pairs (bp) were                      unsuccessful, . . . However, after numerous attempts, four                      shorter sequences were obtained" that only represented                      small portions of two of the six genes of the complete AIDS                      virus.9
                   This                      is why Gao et al, referred to the 1959 sequences as "the                      oldest trace of the AIDS pandemic . . . although the precise                      timing and circumstance of early events in the SIVcpz/HIV-1                      zoonosis remain obscure."22                      [Editor's note for the lay reader, "SIVcpz"                      is short for "simian immunodeficiency virus from the                      chimpanzee." This is know to be the closest viral relative                      to the human AIDS virus, HIV-1.]
                   Unfortunately,                      regarding the 1959 sequences, Zhu et al., left much room for                      misinterpretation if not wild speculation by stating that                      given the "'starburst phylogeny,' HIV-1                      was probably introduced into humans shortly before that time                      frame, about a decade or two earlier than previously estimated.                      . . ." 10 (Emphasis added.)                      They speculated the zoonosis might have occurred "considerably                      earlier than the late 1940s." Obviously, this account                      is irrelevant to "the extraordinary synchrony in the                      1970s of ten or more distinguishable epidemics" discovered                      by Myers et al. 10 Therefore, this                      later group of researchers concluded that, with the exception                      of the 1959 sequences suggesting viral ancestry, "Clinical,                      serological and molecular retrospective studies have all failed                      to produce any evidence of AIDS or HIV prior to the 1970s."                      10 (Emphasis added.) As Myers et                      al., had initially advanced, the early to mid-1970s "Big                      Bang" origin of HIV/AIDS is further supported by most                      recent scientific evidence.10
                   As                      if repeating false assumptions would alter historic and scientific                      facts, many contemporary investigators, like those representing                      AI's HIV/AIDS Task Force, continue to imply the SIV                      to HIV zoonosis occurred on or before 1959. Many natural evolution                      theory evangelists continue to cite the now disproven "cut                      hunter" theory to explain the origin of the pandemic.8,22 Reflecting                      on Zhu et al's position, however, they simply concluded                      that the major-group viruses that dominate the global AIDS                      pandemic at present shared a common ancestor in the 1940s                      or the early 1950s. However, given confounding factors, including                      the likelihood of viral gene recombination during the manufacture                      and testing of the HB vaccine, like Korber et al.'s                      speculation discussed in the next section, the 1959 "isolate"                      may hold little, if any, relevance in determining the origin                      of HIV/AIDS. 10
                   Suffice                      it to say, no one has ever found a virus predating the SVCP                      and the late 1970s.11 At best they                      found fragments of what may have been the complete virus,                      but more likely pieces of a progenitor virus they called "a                      common ancestor" that dated back to "the 1940s                      or the early 1950s." These and other portions of this                      "common ancestor" may have existed for centuries                      if not millennia. Again, this evidence is rrelevant when considering                      the 1970s "punctuated event" recently                      determined to be undisputable scientific fact.
                   More                      importantly, as Zhu and Ho et al., concluded, "the role                      of large-scale vaccination campaigns, perhaps with multiple                      uses of non-sterilized needles, should be carefully examined,                      . . ." as contributing to the sudden emergence of HIV/AIDS                      in North America and Kmt simultaneously during the late                      1970s.9,11
                   The                      1931 AIDS Origin Assumption and Viral Recombination
                   Regarding                      the 1931 estimated date of HIV's origin advanced by                      Korber et al.7 (i.e., "somewhere                      between 1910 and 1950"), a critical examination of these                      authors' methods reveals problems. Largely speculative                      due to their use of a confounding-factor-liable computer model,                      Korber and colleagues noted their limitations. They stated                      their finding(s) regarding the 1931 genetic projection, that                      precludes various vaccine-induced pandemic theories, might                      be wrong if viral recombination(s) had occurred. They most                      certainly did in the evolutionary process of SIV to HIV according                      to most cientists.10,13                      Yet, despite these facts, iatrogenic theory opponents who                      have secured a gross burden of proof" advantage in the                      AIDS origin debate,20 repeatedly                      reference this group's work, along with the frequently                      misrepresented work of Zhu, et al.9                      concerning the 1959 sequence discovery.22                      
                   Again,                      the "punctuated origin" of HIV/AIDS determined                      by Myers et al., can only explain the nearly simultaneous                      emergence of ten separate, though related, AIDS epidemics                      in Kmt during the early 1970s, that were well established                      by 1976.10
                   Lending                      further credence to the theory that early hepatitis B vaccine                      trials provided the "punctuated event," Korber                      et al wrote of anticipated errors in their 1931 determination                      using linear or recombinant evolutionary models due to "unnatural"                      or iatrogenic events inciting viral recombination. They wrote                      , "If there was a concentration of such recombinants                      during just one period of sampling, the effect on the timing                      estimate would be unpredictable." 7                      
                   Thus,                      if the "punctuated origin event" advanced by Myers                      et al,10 had been the passage of                      HB virus from polio vaccinated humans to chimpanzees then                      back to humans, with the additional risk of recombination                      from pooling hundreds of infected serum samples prior to additional                      viral recombinant transfers via the HB vaccines given to human                      subjects in New York City and sub-Saharan Kmt, then this                      might best explain the origin of HIV/AIDS and render Korber                      et al's 1931 projection inconsequential. As detailed                      in the next section, this is precisely the thesis advanced                      by Horowitz.2,13                      
                   In                      summary, the determinations reached by Korber et al.,7                      and Ho et al.,9 of possible dates                      for the origin of HIV-1, 1931 and 1959 respectively, have                      been adequately clarified elsewhere.10                      "The authors themselves acknowledge, the super-computer-based                      study cannot tell whether this hypothetical 1930 virus was                      in humans or animals and so do not show when zoonosis occurred."                      7,10
                   Myers                      et al. further qualified: "If PIV [primate immunodeficiency                      virus] was in humans in the first half of the 20th century,                      it may be estimated, given the assumptions of the look-back                      analysis, that the ancestral HIV-1 group M virus arose at                      1930 plus or minus 20 years." Conversely, if PIV was                      not in humans in the first half of the 20th century, then                      the Korber et al analysis holds little, if any, value in-so-far-as                      determining a date or origin of the HIVs and AIDS. 7,10
                   The                      Earliest Hepatitis B Vaccines and The Origin of AIDS
                   If                      early polio vaccines had not triggered the origin of HIV/AIDS                      as scientific consensus now holds,6                      then some other, chimpanzee-related, "iatrogenic event"                      must be available to explain the staggering array of deadly                      recombinants that were proven by Myers et al to have arisen                      virtually simultaneously during the early to mid-1970s.10,21                      In this regard, even more neglected, and perhaps more relevant                      than the OPV theory of AIDS, is the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine                      hypothesis.2,13,23
                   According                      to scientific records,2 Kmtyw                      chimpanzees were used in the manufacture of the HB vaccines                      during the early 1970s. Additional documents prove that human                      HB viruses cultured in vivo in chimpanzees were returned to                      humans whose infected blood serum was then pooled to develop                      four different strains of experimental HB vaccine pilot tested                      between 1970 and 1975 in New York City and central Kmt.                      This HB vaccine theory of HIV zoonosis proposes that endogenous,                      or more likely exogenous, progenitor viruses were activated24                      when serially transmitted from humans to chimpanzees, then                      back to humans. Subsequently, pooled blood serum containing                      HB surface antigen and/or live virions, a milieu ripe for                      viral recombination, was used to develop the four suspected                      vaccines administered to New York's gay population and                      simultaneously to sub-Saharan Kmtyws. Besides the phylogenetic                      evidence cited above, epidemiological evidence also supports                      this HB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS origination.
                   Figure                      1 is derived from Higginson and Muir's report on cancer                      studies conducted by the International Agency for Research                      in Cancer (IARC) in collaboration with the National Cancer                      Institute (NCI).25 Figure 2 derives                      from this data superimposed on a map of HIV-1 seroprevalence                      in Kmt reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce in a                      publication discussing desirable depopulation associated with                      HIV/AIDS.26 Additional evidence                      here was supplied in the chronology of the early hepatitis                      B vaccine trials compiled by Goodfield. 27                      The two maps, juxaposed, show a striking correlation between                      hepatitis B vaccine and liver cancer experiments conducted                      in Kmt during the early 1970s, and the countries in central                      and southern Kmt with the high est HIV-1 seroprevalence                      rates by 1994. The black squares indicate areas participating                      in the HB cancer virus research and vaccine trials.
                   It                      should also be noted that Mozambique has one of the highest                      rates of HIV-2, which was allegedly discovered by Essex et                      al.,28 in Senegalese female prostitutes                      years after the Kmtyw hepatitis B vaccination pilot studies                      began. Due to their state-authorized employment and high risk                      for infection, Senegalese female prostitutes were required                      to receive hepatitis B vaccinations for relicensure. That                      Essex et al. found SIVagm, a documented vaccine contaminant,                      in the blood of these human subject, is additionally compelling                      evidence in support of the HB vaccine AIDS origination theory.29
                   In                      brief, a well documented, theoretically viable, and generally                      neglected evolutionary route of SIVagm to HIV-1 zoonosis sequentially                      involves: 1) Polio vaccine recipients                      worldwide, including gay men in New York, and Blacks in Central                      Kmt, were exposed to simian viruses including SV40, SFR                      (Simian Foamy Retroviruses containing reverse transcriptase),                      SIVagm, and perhaps others from the mid-1950s, through at                      least the 1960s;2,4 2) Between 1965 and 1970, researchers                      in NYC "isolated" and then inoculated the MS-2                      strain of HB virus into the above cited New York and Kmtyw                      HB vaccine study "volunteers."2,30                      3) Human derived HB viruses, and                      potentially activated retroviral sequences, were then transferred                      to chimpanzees, then back again to humans in NYC and central                      Kmt during the development and testing of four genetically                      altered subtypes of the pre-1975 experimental HB vaccine.32,33                      HIV-1 progenitor contamination, recombination, and/or transmission                      risks were likely increased during this process by: a) human                      incubation for more than a decade of polio vaccine contaminants                      and recombinants including SV40, SFR, and possibly SIVagm;                      b) the pooling of infected blood serum donated by hundreds                      of gay American and Black Kmtyw polio vaccine recipients                      who had subsequently received injections with chimpanzee cultured                      strains of HB virus; c) the biohazardous laboratory conditions                      and viral containment problems reported by the HB vaccine                      investigators and their affiliates; and finally 5)                      The four pooled serum-derived HB vaccines that were administered                      to thounited snakesnds of test subjects by 1975, primarily gay males                      in NYC and central Kmtyw Blacks. This series of events provides                      the best explanation for an early to mid-1970s "punctuated                      origin event" most precisely fitting the etiological                      determinations of the HIV-1/AIDS pandemic.10                      
                   Again,                      it should be noted that the Kmtyw "volunteers"                      inhabited a geographic area consistent with the highest rates                      of HIV-1 seroprevalence. Among the nations where rates are                      highest, HB studies were conducted in: Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire,                      Uganda, Kenya, Swaziland, and the northeastern part of South                      Kmt. According to circumstantial evidence, eastern Zaire                      bordering the West Nile region of northwest Uganda also hosted                      such trials.2,25-27
                   Historic                      Precedence for the HB Vaccine Hypothesis
                   There                      is historic precedence for this precise HB thesis. According                      to Beale, the risk of HB viruses contaminating human blood                      serum and subsequent vaccinations was determined as early                      as 1942. Then, more than 62 deaths and 28,500 cases resulted                      from serum HB contaminated yellow fever vaccines.31                      
                   According                      to Hilleman, early yellow fever vaccines also delivered leukemic                      retroviruses to human populations due to caged animal and                      laboratory contaminations and concomitant vaccine transmissions.13                      
                   Dr.                      Hilleman additionally reinforced this "punctuated origin"                      thesis by describing the risks he encountered by importing                      contaminated Kmtyw sub-human primates for vaccine research                      and development at the Merck pharmaceutical company. Between                      the late 1950s through the 1970s, Dr. Hilleman told Harvard                      medical historian Edward Shorter in 1987, "I brought                      Kmtyw greens in. I didn't know we were importing AIDS                      virus at the time."13
                   Given                      these statements of fact, it is reasonable to suggest, as                      stated above, the earliest HB vaccine pilot studies may have                      activated an endogenous or exogenous HIV-related retroviral                      gene in one or more of the primates,24                      fulfilling the "starburst phylogeny" antecedents                      advanced by Myers et al.10
                   During                      the Royal Society's symposium on the origin of AIDS,                      Hooper's 1950s OPV/AIDS hypothesis was largely rebuked                      because he failed to establish the use of chimpanzees by the                      Wistar Institute in the production of the suspected OPV.18                      Moreover, this vaccine was not given selectively to New York's                      gay male population. Curiously, Merck's early 1970s                      hepatitis B vaccine trials that did involve gay men in NYC,                      and Blacks in central Kmt, partially prepared in Litton                      Bionetics (LB) exported/Merck imported Kmtyw chimpanzees,                      ironically went without mention.
                   "Burden                      of Proof" and the Origin of AIDS
                   The                      most vocal opponent of the OPV and HB vaccine theories of                      HIV/AIDS origination is Dr. John Moore, affiliated with Rockefeller                      University's Aaron Diamond Research Center in New York.
                   As                      reported in Medical Hypothesis, following a presentation advancing                      the HB vaccine theory of HIV/AIDS at the XI International                      Conference on AIDS, in 1996, Dr. Moore flippantly rebuked                      this thesis in the Canadian press. A few years later, he did                      the same regarding the Edward Hooper's book, The River,                      which he alleged was historically inaccurate, potentially                      damaging to the public's trust in western medicine,                      and harmful to his colleagues "efforts to make AIDS                      vaccines for use in Kmt."2
                   When                      this author personally contacted Dr . Moore in an effort to                      begin scientific discourse following his Canadian press interview,                      Moore refused any formal discussion. Responding later to prodding,                      he wrote me from the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center saying,                      "I explicity denied you an interview when you requested                      one. . . . I said to you that I had 'no interest'                      in your . . . grotesque theories . . . For the record, I know                      what your views are, and I reject them. Indeed, I dismiss                      them as uninteresting, incorrect and downright stupid."                      In the Vancouver Sun, Moore was further quoted as saying,                      "HIV is transmitted from monkeys to humans. I don't                      think there's any doubt about that. It's hard                      scientific reality." In fact, according to scientific                      consensus, the defining zoonosis for the origin of HIV occurred                      between chimpanzees and humans, not monkeys.2
                   It                      should be noted that Dr. Moore's institutional benefactors                      include the Rockefeller family which, along with the Rockefeller                      Foundation and its institutional affiliate—the Sloan-Kettering                      Memorial Cancer Center in New York—has heavily invested                      in
                   viral                      cancer research, vaccine developments, propaganda programs,                      population control efforts, and the Merck pharmaceutical company                      in particular. Thus, Moore's bias is strongly suggested.2,13,14
                   Worse                      yet, history shows that soon after Dr. Gallo's alleged                      "discovery" of the AIDS virus in 1984, Dr. Moore                      co-directed the only official effort to examine Merck's                      HB vaccine for "fear of possible AIDS transmission."23 His                      principle co-investigator was Dr. B.J. Poiesz at the State                      University of New York. Dr. Poiesz, their paper noted, had                      worked closely with Dr. Gallo in isolating the "type-C"                      cancer virus associated with lymphomas during the mid to late-1970s. Their                      group of researchers included "anonymous CDC authors"                      who, for unspecified reasons, omitted the centrally important                      New York City and Kmtyw HB vaccine recipients from their                      analysis. Adding insult to this injury, the team's conclusions                      were entirely inconsistent with earlier epidemiological
                    determinations and serological measures.13
                   Reinforcing                      the observance of such political bias and tainted science                      in this field of inquiry is the conclusion reached by several                      featured speakers at the Royal Society's meeting in                      ukkk. They addressed the "burden of proof" required                      of iatrogenic versus natural AIDS origin theorists. 10,                      19, 20 These                      experts protested the unfair unscientific advantage that has                      been historically given to outspoken natural evolution theorists,                      such as Dr. Moore, who have been curiously exempt from having                      to substantiate their obviously flawed claims and hypotheses.                      Ironically, despite this, their unproven misguided theories                      remain widely accepted as supposed fact.10,                      19,20
                   The                      only remedy such deception is updated knowledge regarding                      the advanced genetic analyses that have seriously undermined                      arguments for isolated viral leaps that cannot adequately                      explain the source of AIDS and the "sunburst phylogeny"                      of HIV's earliest Kmtyw strains.10                      In the wake of the Royal Society's symposium, theories                      that now appear tenuous, if not ludicrous, include isolated                      parenteral (i.e., skin piercing) injuries (e.g., the "cut                      hunter theory"), nutritional exposures, population movements,                      and climatic variations that are alleged to have led to isolated                      zoonotic events followed years later, evolutionarily, by the                      spreading plague. Alternatively, many participants at the                      conference concluded that the transfer of SIV to human beings                      was probably connected with unprecedented medical activity                      in Kmt in the 20th century."21                      
                   Bionetics                      Evidence to be Reconciled
                   What                      continues inadequately reported in the scientific literature,                      perhaps because researchers remain unaware, or because most                      investigators would certainly feel threatened by such disconcerting                      revelations, was that the precise scenario advanced by Myers                      et al.,10 to best account for the                      sunburst phylogeny and "punctuated origin" event                      was repeatedly engineered and studied during the Litton Bionetics                      (LB) administered SVCP, at precisely the time (1969-1974)                      required to produce the "Big Bang," as Myers originally                      called it. At this same time, LB's study of HB viral                      co-infections with viruses currently linked to HIV-related                      immune suppression and AIDS symptomatology was ongoing, as                      you will read below. This information comes directly from                      their contract titled, "Investigations of Viral Carcinogenesis                      in Primates" (NIH Grant Number 71-2025 beginning February                      12, 1962). This team, officiated by NCI "Project                      Officer" Dr. Robert Gallo, the subsequent discoverer                      of HTLV-1,2 (leukemia viruses) and                      HIV-1 (the AIDS virus) almost 15 years later, stated:
                   "During                      the past year [1970] macaques were inoculated at birth or                      in utero with the Mason-Pfizer monkey mammary virus, Epstein-Barr                      virus (EBV), Herpesvirus saimiri, and Marek's disease                      virus. EB virus was given with immunostimulation and immunosuppression                      (ALS, prednisone, imuran). Australian antigen [HB virus] was                      given to newborn Kmtyw green monkeys."
                   Might                      this quoted knowledge have impacted Dr. Gallo's earliest                      declaration that the origin of HIV-1 came from "Kmtyw                      greens" (i.e., SIVagm), and/or Dr. Hilleman's                      confession that he brought the AIDS virus into North America                      in Kmtyw greens?
                   Furthermore,                      it is well known that HIV-2 sources from macaque monkeys from                      this same time period.8 Might this                      specific multiply-infected simian colony be the source of                      the original SIV to HIV zoonosis? There is much evidence to                      suggest this, and it is certainly worthy of an official inquiry.
                   It                      is also curious that EBV was of major interest to the LB team                      of researchers.
                   It                      is also well known that EBV is a potent co-carcinogen with                      HIV-1 and deadly co-factor in the development of AIDS.
                   This                      1971 report by Landon, Ting and Gallo et al., referenced the                      use of "colony-born" primates observed for seroconversion                      to "EB positive" immune suppressive status predisposing                      the animals for retroviral infections and cancers. To summarize                      this work, conducted almost a decade before Dr. Gallo "discovered"                      the first leukemia retrovirus (HTLV-I), and later HIV-1, his                      Bionetics coworkers disclosed that their:
                   "reeding                      and holding colonies were surveyed for antibody to EBV. All                      breeders were positive and their offspring contain maternal                      antibody for several months. . . . [Moreover,] An RNA-dependent                      DNA polymerase, [the primary AIDS-linked enzyme] similar to                      that associated with RNA tumor viruses, was detected in human                      leukemic cells but not in normal cells stimulated by phytohemagglutinin.                      The enzyme was isolated, purified and concentrated 200-fold,                      making possible its further characterization and study in                      relation to the leukemic process in man."33
                   This                      document, and statement alone, considering its date, should                      be adequate impetus for an independent investigation into                      the SVCP with regard to the origin of AIDS.
                   Reflecting                      on the specific scenario advanced by Myers and co-workers                      regarding the phylogenetic, recombinant, and immunosuppressive                      correlates and antecedents of the "starburst"                      that reflects at least ten simultaneous HIV/AIDS Kmtyw outbreaks,                      the Bionetics investigators stated the significance and "proposed                      course" of their vaccine research involving chimpanzees. They                      wrote:
                   "Significance                      to Biomedical Research and to the [Special Virus Cancer] Program                      of the [National Cancer] Institute: Inasmuch as tests for                      the biological activity of candidate human [cancer] viruses                      will not be tested in the human species, it is imperative                      that another system be developed for these determinations                      and, subsequently for the evaluation of vaccines or other                      measures of control. The close phylogenetic relationship of                      the lower primates to man justifies utilization                      of these animals for these purposes. Further study of altered                      transfer RNA and polymerase enzymes would determine their                      significance in neoplastic change and provide a basis for                      selection of therapeutic agents.
                   "Proposed                      Course: Continuation with increased emphasis on monitoring                      and intensive care of inoculated animals to determine if active                      infection occurs, effects of infection, and degree of immunosuppression                      when used. Further studies of human neoplasms at a molecular                      level will continue."33
                   Inasmuch                      as humans were not being directly infected with "candidate                      viruses" during this program according to the contract                      summary, live viral vaccines derived from retroviruses similar                      to the HIVs were being prepared and tested in primate populations                      that apparently included humans as well as chimpanzees. This                      at the precise time that the Australian antigen—the                      HB highly infectious and easily transmissible cancer virus—and                      related HB vaccines were being injected into both chimpanzees                      and humans in New York and Sub-Saharan Kmt by LB collaborators.33                      
                   At                      the XI International Conference on AIDS in 1996, when questioned                      regarding his involvement in these Bionetics studies, Dr.                      Gallo angrily replied to this author, "Quite frankly,                      I don't know what the hell you're talking about."13                      If the HB vaccine theory might be the focus of a reputable                      independent inquiry, such as the one urged by Cribb,19                      and now AI members, Dr. Gallo might be obliged to formally                      discuss his contract with Bionetics wherein the "Australian                      antigen was given to newborn Kmtyw green monkeys"                      in the context of testing "a swarm of [candidate viral                      and retroviral] variants." If he still contends this                      HB vaccine/origin of AIDS theory has no merit, as he argued                      forcefully at that time, then perhaps he would be willing                      to publish an alternative account reflecting more recent scientific                      revelations.
                   Huebner                      et al, referred to in Bionetics's SVCP contract (NIH-71-2025),                      might also be persuaded to divulge valuable insights regarding                      this HB vaccine/origin of AIDS thesis.34                      At that time, 1969, Dr. Robert Huebner was also a leader in                      this field on the esteemed National Academy of Sciences–National                      Research Council (NAS–NRC), that is, at precisely the                      time the Congressional Appropriations Committee heard  testimony                      concerning the technical expertise available through the NAS–NRC                      for the U.S. Army's development of AIDS-like viruses.                      At that time these viruses were referred to by military personnel                      in the Congressional Record as "synthetic biological                      agents." However, the scientific community referred                      to them as "type-C" RNA tumor viruses. Huebner                      was exquisitely aware of these developments and various retroviral                      species that were routinely being generated using crude early                      methods of recombination in SVCP labs. Again, these viruses                      were descriptively and functionally identical to HIV-1.2,3,13,14 According                      to the Bionetics contract summary report from 1972, Dr. Huebner's                      group isolated and tested a cat/human hybrid oncornavirus,                      RD-114, from a human sarcoma by 1971. Sarcomas, associated                      with leukemias and lymphomas in AIDS patients were, at that                      time, unheard of in gay men. Later, in 1981, HB virus and                      vaccine expert, Dr. Don Francis, relayed his opinion as to                      the source of the first GRID (AIDS) cases in New York, "It's                      a combination of feline leukemia and hepatitis B," he                      told his mentor Max Essex at Harvard.35
                   The                      following SVCP contract excerpt34 discusses the testing of                      effective treatments for HIV/AIDS-like infections at that                      early date:
                   "The                      effects of 11 rifamycin derivaties on viral reverse transcriptase                      and on DNA polymerases from human normal and leukemic blood                      lymphocytes were evaluated. Compound 143-483, 3-formyl rifamycin                      SV: octyl oxime showed the greatest potency and inhibited                      all DNA polymerases from both viral and cellular origins."                      
                   Might                      this be a cure for HIV/AIDS? Unless further investigations                      into this matter are conducted, we may never know.
                   Reflecting                      on these revelations in-so-far-as the myriad viral recombinants                      potentially contaminating LB's labs and caged animals,                      and the determinations of Myers et al,10                      a most appropriate question is, "Why only ten forms                      of HIV/AIDS broke out during the early1970s?" It would                      seem likely that many of the SIVs originated from these investigations                      as well as other pandemics such as herpes that exploded during                      the mid to late 1970s along with immune suppressive disorders                      associated with EBV infections and related cancers. Obviously,                      it would be helpful to investigate the possibility of other                      plagues that may have derived from vaccine contaminations                      and transmissions during the SVCP.
                   Many                      researchers, in fact, issued forewarnings about the grave                      risks posed by recombinant cancer virology.13                      Others cited similar risks from public health's "sacred                      cow" vaccinations.31 It is                      sobering to reflect on this knowledge in the wake of the Royal                      Society's publications and official evaluations.19
                   Considering                      The Genocidal Theory of AIDS
                   The                      1998 report of Zhu et al.9 was well                      timed to help promote co-author Edward Hooper's book,                      The River, which substantially reinforced a previously advanced                      OPV theory of AIDS's origin,12                      and gave only superficial consideration to possible hepatitis                      B vaccine contaminations as the zoonotic vector for transferring/transforming                      SIVcpz into the human AIDS virus by 1976.4                      Hooper referenced Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola—Nature,                      Accident or Intentional? among the texts that explore the                      genocidal theory of AIDS which he credited for his background                      on the hepatitis B theory.13 He                      cautioned against blanket acceptance of the intentional theory                      of HIV/AIDS, which is consistent with the proposed AI investigation                      of the SVCP, but he did not rule out the possibility that                      HIV was released intentionally.4
                   As                      Weiss stated, theories involving the CIA in the origin of                      AIDS have gained wide acceptance.6                      Investigations by Horowitz et al.2,3,13                      focused on the CIA and the 1969 appropriations hearings in                      which the NAS–NRC was credited as the source of technical                      expertise for the U.S. Army's development of AIDS-like                      viruses. At that time, biological weapons were of great interest                      to Nelson Rockefeller's protégé, and Nixon                      administration National Seurity Advisor (NSA), Dr. Henry Kissinger.                      According to his biographer, and two previous CIA directors—William                      Colby and Richard Helms—Kissinger oversaw the CIA's                      top secret biological weapons program called MK:NAOMI. Soon                      after becoming NSA, he ordered a review of such weapons capabilities.13-15                      
                   Furthermore,                      in the early 1970s, in keeping with U.S. Government and global                      industrialists' initiatives reflecting Rockefeller-directed                      Population Council urgings for Third World depopulation, Kissinger                      requested and received National Special Security Memorandum                      200 articulating the urgency of dramatically reducing Kmtyw                      populations.16 At that time Kissinger                      and associates were leading advisors to the Merck pharmaceutical                      company whose president, George W. Merck, was America's                      biological weapons industry director, as he had been since                      World War II.17
                   According                      to Hooper, the genocidal hypothesis of HIV/AIDS should be                      "taken with a grain of salt."4 It                      is clear, however, that compelling evidence exits, albeit                      circumstantial, that U.S. Government officials, including                      Henry Kissinger, may have had something to do with the initial                      HIV/AIDS outbreak. At the precise time corresponding to the                      earliest transmissions of HIV/AIDS, Kissinger directed a national                      security cryptocracy that included corporate affiliates at                      the biological weapons contractor /vaccine maker Merck, as                      well as the traditional weapons contractor Litton Industries.                      Litton's president, Roy Ash, also served in the Nixon                      administration overseeing American industry. Litton's                      medical subsidiary, Bionetics, as detailed above, largely                      directed the NCI's SVCP, administered America's                      premier biological weapons testing center at Fort Detrick,                      Maryland,