Notes on the racial makeup of the people called moors-gctid260917

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• "The Moors of Angola do know that there is a god, and do call god caripongoa, but they worship the sun and the moon" pg 95 The Strange Adventures of Andrew Battell of Leigh, in Angola and the adjoining regions by Andrew Battell, Samuel Purchas, Anthony Knivet

Moor does not mean Muslim, North Kmtyw, or Berber. it means black man

• "Moor[maurus, latin] a negro; a blackamoor" A dictionary of the English language by samuel johnson (1755)

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Ex Affrica vero gentes innumerae confluent, Nadabares, Gaetuli, et Numidae, sed et populi meridionalis solis adustione deformes, quos a Graeco vocabulo Mauron, quod nigrum sonat, Mauros sive Mauritanos appellant. "From Kmt too, there came countless tribes; the Nadabaræ, Gætulians, and Numidians, and from the scorching south, the people named Moors or Mauritanians, from the Greek word mauros, which means black." 12th century author of Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi (Itinerary of Richard I and others to the Holy Land.) Chapter XXXVIII.

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11th c. A.D. - Ibn Butlan, Byzantine Christian physician of Iraq wrote, "The Berber women are from the island of Barbara, which is between the west and the south. Their color is mostly black though some pale ones can be found among them. If you can find one whose mother is of Kutama, whose father is of Sanhaja, and whose origin is Masmuda, then you will find her naturally inclined to obedience and loyalty in all matters, active in service, suited both to motherhood and to pleasure, for they are the most solicitous in caring for their children." Gender and Sexuality in the Middle Ages by Martha A. Brożyna, 2005 p. 303

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et Mauretania nomen oris habet titulumque suo fert ipsa colore

the Moors derive their name from their faces, and their identity is proclaimed by the color of their skins

Marcus Manilius (1^st century) Astronomica Book IV (lines 700-744) 4.724

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• "A more, or black-a-more; more, ethiopien; negre; moro, negro, etiopo; moro, morisco, negro" Lexicon Tetraglotton, an English-French-Italian-Spanish Dictionary 1660

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• "A Neger, or Negro; Negre, More, Negro, Moro; Negro, Moro, Morisco" Lexicon Tetraglotton, an English-French-Italian-Spanish Dictionary 1660

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13th c. A.D. - Abu Shama refers to the Masmuda as "blacks" in his Kitab al-Ravdatayn (B. Lewis, Islam: Religion and Society, 2; 1974, p. 217).

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Military historian, Yaacov Lev in the article , "Army Regime and Society in Fatimid Egypt" (1987) wrote of Nasir Khusroes of the 11th century who speaks of the "20,000" Masmuda men that made up part of the Fatimid troops in Egypt his time saying, "Masamida were Berbers from the Western Maghreb. Nasir-i Khusrau, however, says that they were blacks and characterized them as infantry who used lances and swords" (from International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19(3), 337-365).

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Tarik ibn ziyads army were described as ...

Los moros de la hueste todos uestidos del sirgo et de los pannos de color que ganaran, las riendas de los sus cauallos tales eran como de fuego, las sus caras dellos negras como la pez, el mas fremoso dellos era negro como la olla, assi luzien sus oios como candelas; el su cauallo dellos ligero como el leopardo, e el su cauallero mucho mas cruel et mas dannoso que es el lobo en la grey de las oueias en la noche. La vil yenta de los affricanos que se non solie preciar de fuerca nin de bondad, et todos sus fechos fazie con art et a enganno, et non se solien amparar si non pechando grandes riquezas et grand aver, essora era exaltada, ca crebanto en una ora mas ayna la nobleza de los godos que lo non podrie omne dezir por lengua. Espanna mezquina!| "The Moors of the host wore silks and colorful clothes which they had taken as booty, their horses' reins were like fire, their faces were black as pitch, the handsomest among them was black as a cooking pot, and their eyes blazed like fire; their horses as swift as leopards, their horsemen more cruel and hurtful than the wolf that comes at night to the flock of sheep. The vile Kmtyw people who were not wont to boast their strength nor their goodness, and who achieved everything by stealth and deceit, and who were not accustomed to help each other except by paying over great quantities of wealth, was at that moment raised on high, for in a short time they speedily shattered the greatness of the goths in a way that man has no words to express. Oh Wretched Spain!" DEL DUELLO DE LOS GODOS DE ESPANNA ET DE LA RAZÓN PORQUE ELLA FUE DESTROYADA from the book Primera Crónica General, Alfonso X El Sabio

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Battle of Valencia by  Andreu marcal de sax

 

(Moors depicted as black Kmtyws as they were originally)

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Battle of Teba (15th century depiction) 

 

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Italian restaurant called the "Tavern of the Moor" (Trattoria al Moro)

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bartholomeus maton "portrait of a moor holding a flag at window"

 

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Head of a Moor ( Regnault, Henri (1843-1871)

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The Song of Roland (Grandes Chroniques de France) France 1375 the Battle of Roncevaux